Sedentary Lifestyle Such As Tv Viewing, Ideal Job Have Impact on Blood Glucose Levels
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Diabetes arises from lack of insulin-a chemical produced by the pancreas-or from the body's failure to respond to insulin. Insulin removes sugar from the blood and helps transfer it to the tissues. So failure to make or properly use insulin creates excess sugar in the blood. In turn, the excess sugar does cumulative harm, mostly by damaging blood vessels, that can lead to blindness, stroke, or other disasters.
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Although there is really one problem-high blood sugar levels-there are two kinds of diabetes-Type I and Type II. Type I, which often develops in childhood and usually before age 20, occurs because the pancreas is making little or no insulin. Unless the victim receives frequent insulin injections, the disease typically runs a severe and fatal course. In contrast, Type II diabetes develops later, typically after age 40, mostly in overweight sedentary people whose tissues no longer respond well to insulin. Type II, which accounts for roughly 90 percent of all diabetes cases in the Americas, can prove just as crippling and fatal as Type I and can also progress to a point where the patient needs to inject insulin. However, most people with Type II diabetes can manage their disease by following professional guidance on weight loss, diet, and exercise. Medicines that stimulate insulin production and assist the body's efforts to use insulin can also help.
Usually hyperglycemia(high level of sugar in the blood) causes no symptoms. However, if the blood sugar rises to 300 mg/dL or higher, symptoms may occur. Symptoms may include:
- You start feeling very thirsty and are urinating more.
- You feel sick to your stomach or vomit more than once.
- You start breathing deeper and faster.
- Your breath smells sweet.
- You start to tremble, feel weak and drowsy, and then feel confused or dizzy, or start seeing double.
- You feel uncoordinated.
High blood pressure has no symptoms, but can cause a sudden stroke or heart attack. Have your blood pressure checked regularly. Diabetes increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes. If you have diabetes, control your blood pressure and blood sugar to minimize your risk.Severe hyperglycemia, blood sugars of 600 mg/dL or higher, can cause coma and even death.
The most common cause of Type II diabetes and its associated hyperglycemia is obesity, the treatment for which is weight reduction and exercise to reduce the body's excess white fat reserves. These fat reserves interfere with the body's ability to properly absorb and use insulin that is otherwise produced in sufficient quantity. Acute or chronic non-diabetic hyperglycemia can produce the same medical complications as diabetic hyperglycemia.
Sometimes blood sugars go up with exercise. This may happen because you are excited and are releasing a hormone called adrenaline. This is a normal response in people with or without diabetes. The adrenaline causes sugar to be released from stores in the muscle and liver and raises the blood sugar for awhile. This usually happens in the first hour of exercise.
The less active you are, the greater your risk of type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose, makes your cells more sensitive to insulin, increases blood flow and improves circulation in even the smallest blood vessels. Exercise also helps build muscle mass. That's important because most of the glucose in your blood is absorbed into your muscles. When you have less muscle tissue, more sugar stays in your blood.
Exercise usually helps lower your blood sugar. This is because insulin is more effective during exercise. Regular exercise increases the number of insulin receptors on your cells. The receptors are the places where insulin attaches to cells so sugar can pass into the cells. Having more receptors makes the body more sensitive to insulin. As a result, insulin works more efficiently. This means you will probably need a lower daily dose. Exercising can be a good way to lower a high blood sugar (as long as ketones are not present).
People who tend to be sedentary -- as indicated by the amount of time they spend watching television -- are likely to have high levels of glucose in their blood, even though they may not be diabetic.
Dr. David W. Dunstan, of the International Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia, and colleagues examined the association between television viewing and blood glucose levels, measured after fasting and after a glucose test-drink, in 3781 men and 4576 women in Australia. All of the subjects were free of diabetes at the time.
An interviewer assessed the participants' self-reported television viewing time in the previous week.
After accounting for physical activity time and for factors that can affect blood glucose, the investigators found that the more time women spent television viewing, the higher were their blood glucose levels two hours after they took the glucose test-drink.
This was not seen in men, according to the team's report in the medical journal Diabetes Care.
"The findings reinforce the case for a strong focus in diabetes and obesity research on sedentary behaviors, such as television viewing, in addition to the now well-established base of evidence on the importance of increasing physical activity," Dunstan commented to Reuters Health.
"It is possible that other sedentary behaviors may have an additive effect on risk, in that TV viewing may be a marker for a broader pattern of sedentary lifestyle that includes a variety of other forms of sitting time," he suggested.
You should also ask your doctor how often to you need your hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level checked. The HbA1c is a measure of average blood glucose during the previous 2 to 3 months. It is a very helpful way to determine how well treatment is working.
Ketone testing is another test that is used in type 1 diabetes. Ketones are produced by the breakdown of fat and muscle, and they are harmful at high levels. The ketone test is done using a urine sample. High levels of blood ketones may result in a serious condition called ketoacidosis .
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